Zebra battery technologies for all electric smart car

This paper describes the operational behaviour and advantages of the high temperature, sodium nickel chloride (Zebra) battery, for use in all electric urban (city) vehicles. It is shown that an equivalent parallel electrical circuit can be employed to accurately simulate the electrochemical behaviour inherent in the most recent generation of Zebra cells. The experimental procedure is outlined and summary attributes of the investigation validated by both simulation studies, and experimentally, via measurements from a prototype battery module intended for use in an all electric smart ca

The Liberated Black Woman: A Question of Black Power and Nationalism

The role of the Black woman in the liberation of womankind must first be clearly defined to establish the context in which the term liberation is used before discussion of the subject can have any significance. If by the term liberated, it is meant the throwing off of some kind of yoke of oppression and dehumanization invoked by men which often reflects itself in unequal opportunities and pay scales, particularly in the professional world, then it is highly questionable that the Black woman needs this type of liberation as the ultimate object of her energies and concern. If on the other hand, the term liberated means striving toward building a Black nation, which is separate from purely capitalist, monetary obcessions but which is steeped in nationalism, self-determination and Pan- Africanism being the concept with Africa as the focal point of a unified international Black identity and a consolidation on the political, social and economic bases then, indeed, we are speaking of the very life blood of the Black woman

The Liberated Black Woman: A Question of Black Power and Nationalism

The role of the Black woman in the liberation of womankind must first be clearly defined to establish the context in which the term liberation is used before discussion of the subject can have any significance. If by the term liberated, it is meant the throwing off of some kind of yoke of oppression and dehumanization invoked by men which often reflects itself in unequal opportunities and pay scales, particularly in the professional world, then it is highly questionable that the Black woman needs this type of liberation as the ultimate object of her energies and concern. If on the other hand, the term liberated means striving toward building a Black nation, which is separate from purely capitalist, monetary obcessions but which is steeped in nationalism, self-determination and Pan- Africanism being the concept with Africa as the focal point of a unified international Black identity and a consolidation on the political, social and economic bases then, indeed, we are speaking of the very life blood of the Black woman

High resolution stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Upper Devonian Kettle Point Formation, southwestern Ontario, Canada

The Upper Devonian Kettle Point Formation of southwestern Ontario consists of interbedded organic-rich black shales and organic-poor greyish green mudstones and red beds, the distribution of which were controlled by water depth, primary productivity, paleoclimate, and tectonism associated with the concurrent Acadian orogeny. Black shales were deposited under anoxic conditions and represent the background deposition. Less abundant organic-poor lithologies were formed under dysoxic to oxic conditions caused by a drop in relative sea level (either eustatic or related to subsidence or uplift). Sulphur isotope data shows a largely consistent background value for the black shales around -20‰ δ34S, punctuated by a positive excursion of ~ 33‰ (up to +12.87) coincident with a significant interval of greyish green mudstone and red bed deposition. The correspondence of negative values to organic-rich sedimentation, and less negative-to-positive values associated with organic-poor lithologies, confirms their deposition in anoxic and dysoxic environments respectively. Four stratal packages (Units 1 to 4) can be identified in the Kettle Point Formation forming a lower (Units 1 and 2) and an upper (Units 3 and 4) cycle. Cross sections datumed using the base of the Foerstia Zone reveal that deposition prior to the Foerstia Zone (Cycle 1) took place over a platform feature that dipped towards a paleo-low in the southwest. Uplift occurred in the south-westernmost section of the study area near the end of the Foerstia Zone and deposition post-Foerstia Zone (Cycle 2) is characterized by intervals of thick organic-poor sediment in the southwest, which gradually thins outwards, away from the most southwestern well. Units 1 and 3 are composed of interbedded organic-rich and organic-poor sediment and were deposited above storm wave base as a result of minor fluctuations in relative sea level and biological activity. A rise in relative sea level resulted in the deposition of non-interlaminated black shales (Units 2 and 4) below storm wave base and the inundation of surrounding terrestrial environments. The Kettle Point Formation, along with other syndepositional black shales in eastern North America, demonstrate the complex nature of these deposits and the ease with which they form provided anoxia is present

Los pingüinos de la región de Magellanes

The Magellan region, including the Falkland Islands, is one of the world´s most important areas for seabirds, and especially penguins. World-wide there are 17 species of penguin; 7 of these regularly breed around the coastal waters of South America, and 5 within the Magellan region. These are the King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua), Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes c. chrysocome), Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). During the last five years, a review of the breeding populations of penguins within the Magellan region was conducted. This work included population censuses of all the surface breeding species throughout the Falkland Islands and southern South America. The results of this work are presented, along with other cited information, to provide a summary of the current knowledge of penguin populations within the Magellan region.La región de Magallanes, incluyendo las Islas Falkland, es un área muy importante para las aves marinas del mundo. Hay 17 especies de pingüinos; 7 crían en América del Sur y 5 crían en la región de Magallanes. Se trata de los Pingüino Rey (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Pingüino Papúa (Pygoscelis papua), Pingüino de Penacho Amarillo (Eudyptes c. chrysocome), Pingüino Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) y Pingüino de Magallanes (Spheniscus magellanicus). Durante los últimos 5 años investigamos las poblaciones de los pingüinos en la región de Magallanes. Esta investigación incluyó registros de todas las especies que crían sobre la tierra en las Islas Falkland y en el extremo meridional de América del Sur. Presentamos nuestros resultados con información de otra literatura citada para proporcionar un resumen del conocimiento sobre las poblaciones de los pingüinos en la región de Magallanes

Elastic Convection in Vibrated Viscoplastic Fluids

We observe a new type of behavior in a shear thinning yield stress fluid: freestanding convection rolls driven by vertical oscillation. The convection occurs without the constraint of container boundaries yet the diameter of the rolls is spontaneously selected for a wide range of parameters. The transition to the convecting state occurs without hysteresis when the amplitude of the plate acceleration exceeds a critical value. We find that a non-dimensional stress, the stress due to the inertia of the fluid normalized by the yield stress, governs the onset of the convective motion.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure